Go Around? When Stability Saves the Day

Expecting the Unexpected on a Stable Approach

Stable approaches are a cornerstone of aviation safety. Unstable approaches are statistically linked to a significant portion of approach and landing accidents, making this topic critical for pilots and the industry as a whole. Pilots are trained to plan and execute stable approaches, and while procedures vary among companies, having a clear plan of action and keeping the aircraft within an acceptable performance window is essential for maintaining a stable approach and ensuring a safe landing.

Photo by Cédric Dhaenens on Unsplash

What is a Stable Approach?

A stable approach occurs when the aircraft is flown at an appropriate speed, altitude, and configuration for the stage of the approach. This consistency reduces pilot workload during critical phases of flight and enhances safety. For example, a company may require the aircraft to have gear and flaps extended before reaching five miles from the runway. This allows pilots to focus on flying the aircraft and completing final checklists rather than making configuration changes during the final approach.

Communication is also a vital component of a stable approach. Pilots should discuss and address any concerns or changes during the approach. Within a company’s policies, pilots may either correct the issue or discontinue the approach as necessary.

What if Something Unexpected Happens?

An investigation by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) highlights the importance of stable approaches in unexpected situations. In 2012, a Boeing 717 was on approach to Perth when deteriorating weather created Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). The crew executed a missed approach when they failed to visually identify the runway. However, as they began the missed approach, they regained visual contact and decided to land despite the unstable condition. They made this decision to avoid a potential fuel emergency, believing it was the safer option at the time.

This incident illustrates how unexpected events, such as sudden weather changes or fuel concerns, can challenge the stability of an approach. While the crew’s decision may have been influenced by immediate circumstances, it underscores the importance of adhering to procedures that prioritize safety, such as executing a missed approach when necessary.

The Value of Stable Approaches

The significance of a stable approach is straightforward: it ensures safe conditions during high-workload phases of flight, where there is little margin for error. When an unexpected situation arises, pilots may not be able to resolve it effectively while continuing to land. The solution, as emphasized in the Boeing 717’s procedures, is to execute a missed approach. By doing so, the crew can stabilize the aircraft at a safe altitude and speed, evaluate the factors contributing to the instability, and plan for a subsequent stable approach and landing.

So…

Flying into familiar airports in good weather can sometimes lead to overconfidence. Thoughts like, “I can handle this,” or “A little extra speed won’t matter,” can creep in. But what happens when something unexpected occurs? A sudden downdraft? A minor system failure? That straightforward approach now has an added variable you didn’t anticipate. Do you attempt to manage the situation and land, or do you execute a missed approach?

The ATSB puts it clearly: “If there is any doubt about the safety of the aircraft, conducting a go-around is a perfectly legitimate option. Safety trumps scheduling or dignity.”

Conclusion

We must always remember the importance of stable approaches. Even outside of a simulator, pilots should be prepared to give or receive the command to “go around.” A stable approach isn’t just a best practice—it’s a fundamental principle that ensures safety in every flight. Expect the unexpected, and always prioritize stability over convenience.

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